In York County, approximately 1,500 freed slaves migrated to an 11,433 acre area known as the "reservation," which is now the site of the Yorktown Naval Weapons Station.

There they joined 2,500 freed slaves who already lived on the reservation and farmed land given to them by their former masters along with their freedom. The newcomers took advantage of the government’s 40 acre offer.

The promise was short lived. In August 1865, then President Andrew Johnson returned much of the land to the former rebel owners,
http://editions-caruhel.com/imtemp/lq52uz73.html, according to a 1992 report on the lives of freed slaves who lived in and near the reservation. Stuck recently shared the researchers’ findings in a slide show presentation at the weapon’s station,
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298, which commissioned the report.

By the 1880s,
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Some black settlers had saved enough money to buy land in the reservation, while others took over land abandoned by the rebel owners, the report says.

Everyone, even children,
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"You brought in the wood,
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Families lived in small, wooden framed farmhouses built along the few unpaved roads in the reservation.

At harvest time,
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Black farms were in poor locations, usually in marshy lands on the outskirts of former plantations, the report states. A typical, 10 acre farm owned by a black family was about four times less profitable than an average 80 acre farm owned by a white family,
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Freed slaves who didn’t farm,
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Whites were the minority until about 1910 and feared the freed slaves as economic competitors, the report states. The whites levied such heavy poll taxes many poor blacks were unable to vote. Blacks who could afford the tax couldn’t read well enough to pass the reading test intended to prove a person’s competency in voting, Stuck says. The test was not required of whites,
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Still, whites and blacks lived,
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Like farming, building churches was a community effort. "My grandfather went into the woods and cut logs for the church," says former reservation resident Alexander Lee,
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St. John’s,
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Although blacks speak proudly of their ancestors for having survived and prospered with little education,
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"I see nothing but poverty and suffering for them, until they are more distributed over the country," Superintendent Vining, who headed the Virginia freedmen’s bureau, wrote at the time. The freedmen’s bureau,
5285, a branch of the former Department of War, now the Defense Department,
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Reservation life effectively ended in August 1918. Navy and gave the people 30 days to abandon their land.

Some blacks, however, moved back to the reservation and continued living there until as late as 1923.

Many of the 600 black families displaced by the Navy received little or no compensation for their homes, the report states.

"So many people they didn’t pay anything for," Scott recalls. "They just moved them out and they had to just cut branches off the trees and make,
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Residents resettled in Lackey,
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At least one former resident, Alexander Lee, says the displacement may have been beneficial in the long run.

"It was a hurt to the people, but after all,
http://mengerlerboschservice.com/imtemp/vx79vf83.html, it was fortunate," he is quoted as saying in the report. "It made people own homes they probably never would have owned . . . We had better schools and everything else."

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